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<p class=MsoNormal>Todd Litman of the Victoria Transport Policy Institute
(Canada) reports that a <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
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of recent studies do show that high quality public transit service can improve
public health by:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Increasing physical activity (people who use
public transit on a particular are about 3 times more likely to achieve
the basic amount of walking required for public health as people who drive
and do not use public transit)<span class=fullpost><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Reducing per capita traffic fatalities (residents
of cities with high quality public transit have about a quarter of the
per-capita traffic fatality rates as residents of more
automobile-dependent communities)<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Increased affordability and therefore less stress
and more money left in the household budget for healthy food and other
necessities (residents of cities with high quality public transportation
spend about 20% small portion of household budgets on transportation, and
this effect is probably larger for lower-income households)<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>Improved accessibility for non-drivers, and
therefore less difficulty reaching medical services and healthy food. <o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=fullpost>These factors cannot overcome other
demographic and economic factors that reduce poor people's health, but it does
suggest that everybody, particularly poor people, are much better off in a
transit oriented community than in an automobile-dependent community.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Alexander Litman - litman@vtpi.org</span><br>
<span class=fullpost><a href="http://www.vtpi.org">Victoria Transport Policy
Institute</a> - “Efficiency - Equity - Clarity”</span><br>
<span class=fullpost>Victoria, Canada</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost><i>For information see:</i></span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Heather Allen (2008), Sit Next To Someone Different Every
Day - How Public Transport Contributes To Inclusive Communities, Thredbo
Conference (
www.thredbo.itls.usyd.edu.au/downloads/thredbo10_papers/thredbo10-plenary-Allen.pdf).
</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>APTA (2003), The Route to Better Personal Health, American
Public Transportation Association (www.apta.com); at
http://spider.apta.com/lgwf/legtools/better_health.pdf.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>David Bassett, John Pucher, Ralph Buehler, Dixie L.
Thompson, and Scott E. Crouter (2008), Journal of Physical Activity and Health,
Vol. 5 ( www.humankinetics.com/jpah/journalAbout.cfm), pp. 795-814.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Reid Ewing, et al. (2003), “Relationship Between Urban
Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity,” American Journal of
Health Promotion, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( www.healthpromotionjournal.com), Sept/Oct.
2003, pp. 47-57; at
www.smartgrowth.umd.edu/research/pdf/EwingSchmidKillingsworthEtAl_SprawlObesity_DateNA.pdf
. </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Lawrence Frank, Sarah Kavage and Todd Litman (2006),
Promoting Public Health Through Smart Growth: Building Healthier Communities
Through Transportation And Land Use Policies, Smart Growth BC
(www.smartgrowth.bc.ca); at www.vtpi.org/sgbc_health.pdf. </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Ugo Lachapelle and Lawrence D . Frank (2008), “Mode Of
Transport, Employer-Sponsored Public Transit Pass, And Physical Activity,”
Journal Of Public Health Policy ( www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp). </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman (2003), “Integrating Public Health Objectives
in Transportation Decision-Making,” American Journal of Health Promotion, Vol.
18, No. 1 ( www.healthpromotionjournal.com), Sept./Oct. 2003, pp. 103-108; at
www.vtpi.org/AJHP-litman.pdf.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman (2004), If Health Matters: Integrating Public
Health Objectives into Transportation Decision-Making, Victoria Transport
Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/health.pdf . </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman (2007), Community Cohesion As A Transport
Planning Objective, VTPI (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/cohesion.pdf. </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman (2008), Evaluating Transportation
Affordability, Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/affordability.pdf.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman (2008), Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and
Costs, VTPI (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/tranben.pdf .</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Todd Litman and Steven Fitzroy (2006), Safe Travels:
Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Benefits, Victoria Transport
Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org); at www.vtpi.org/safetrav.pdf. </span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>William H. Lucy (2003), “Mortality Risk Associated With
Leaving Home: Recognizing the Relevance of the Built Environment,” American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 93, No. 9, September 2003, pp. 1564-1569; at
www.ajph.org/cgi/content/full/93/9/1564.</span><br>
<br>
<span class=fullpost>Richard E. Wener and Gary W. Evans, (2007), “A Morning
Stroll: Levels of Physical Activity in Car and Mass Transit Commuting,”
Environment and Behavior, Vol. 39, No. 1, 62-74 (
http://eab.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/1/62).</span><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
Posted By The Editor to <a
href="http://newmobilityagenda.blogspot.com/2009/05/public-transit-and-public-health-link.html">World
Streets (Plan B)</a> at 5/20/2009 08:36:00 AM<o:p></o:p></p>
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