<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 9"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 9"> <link rel=File-List href="cid:filelist.xml@01C7B895.B16347A0">  <style>  </style> </head> <body lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:36.0pt'> <div class=Section1> Either you take climate modification seriously or you don’t. It’s a choice. Mine is not only to take it very seriously in my work and personal life choices, but also to do what I can to make it a major motor to advance the New Mobility Agenda and more generally the challenge of “Reinventing transport in cities”. <o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> In this context I have been thinking of late about the hard task we face when it comes to trying to measure or even rough estimating CO2 changes when it comes to understanding the impacts of innovations and policy changes in transport in cities.  This is by and large uncharted new terrain for most transport planners and policy makers. <o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> As you know, it’s a real head breaker when it comes to trying to calculate the “CO2” impact of innovations in our sector, as much as anything because of  the “million tailpipes” aspects of our stuff, which distinguishes it considerably from what you get when you set out to measure pollution abatement in a fixed source, such as a building, power plant, what have you.<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> When it comes to the soggy mess of measuring emissions impacts in our sector, there are basically three ways to go. <o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> <ol style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>You can either measure at source (for example the tailpipe of a taxi or bus retrofitted with a new engine/fuel gadget),  That’s pretty straight-forward, and once you have that number you can then make your calculations which bring in such shaping variables as maintenance, mileage, etc. and then you get a fairly hard number before you. That can be pretty satisfying.<o:p></o:p></li> </ol> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> <ol style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' start=2 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>But when you start looking city-wide impacts of transport changes more generally, you have basically two choices. Either you can try to measure the various forms of pollution/change through monitoring devices salted over the city (which brings up a whole range of complications that need to be sorted out). <o:p></o:p></li> </ol> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> <ol style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' start=3 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>Or alternatively, you can take a stab at measurement by finding out how to guestimate the change brought about by your new policy or measure in terms of its impact the number of vehicles on the road and their behavior (subsequent to which you then have to jiggle the traffic count estimates with various formula that you concoct to link these changes to C02 production.).<o:p></o:p></li> </ol> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> (For the record, when I use the term CO2 here I intend it as a shorthand for all the airborne pollutants that get cranked out as a result of a vehicle pushing its way through the environment. That really covers green-house gases of all ilks, particulates, etc. What I like about “CO2” is that it is short to write and read and does a fair job of conjuring up the rest. As long as we do not interpret it too literally).<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> Anyway, I am preparing a short thinkpiece on this for our “Reinventing transport in cities” series in process (see http://www.climate.newmobility.org), and I hope too that it may serve you and your colleagues. So there are my three quick questions to you this morning.<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> <ol style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm' start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>Do you have any references on this which I might see and learn from?  <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>Is anyone out there interested to receive copies of the piece when I complete it? And finally, <![if !supportLineBreakNewLine]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;line-height:120%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>Anyone sufficiently interested that they might be willing to receive an advanced draft for comment?<o:p></o:p></li> </ol> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> I do hope this will be useful.<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> Eric Britton<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p>  <o:p></o:p> <![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p> </div> </body> </html>