<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html;charset=windows-1252" http-equiv="Content-Type"> </head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000"> Jonas Hagen drew my attention to the announcement below, which may be of interest to many of you. I should also add that GTZ has recently released its new Photo DVD with approx 6,000 new pictures (in addition to the 5000 from the previous version). Some samples are available from our photo gallery at <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.sutp.org">www.sutp.org</a> (those of you going to TRB next week may look for me and ask for a copy or bring a blank DVD and I can copy the files as well). <div><a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2007/photo_video_contest/en/index.html">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2007/photo_video_contest/en/index.html</a> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www3.who.int/icf/photocontest2007/photocontest.html">http://www3.who.int/icf/photocontest2007/photocontest.html</a> (previous winner photos at <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www3.who.int/icf/photocontest2006/winners/">http://www3.who.int/icf/photocontest2006/winners/</a> ). </div> Announcement: English Enter WHO's Premier Photo and Video Contest "Images of Health and Disability 2006- 2007" Main theme - Health and Environment The World Health Organization (WHO) invites photographers and video producers world-wide to participate in a global photo and video contest -- "Images of Health and Disability 2006-2007". This year's theme focuses on "Health and Environment" an invitation to provide high-quality photographs and video clips, capture emotions and give your creativity free reign. The photos and video contest will contribute to WHO's global efforts to raise the awareness of the importance of ensuring healthier environments. Your photographs or short video clips should capture the positive or negative impact of the environment on people's health and functioning in their day-to-day life. Portray how a healthy and enabling environment can prevent or reduce diseases. Illustrate how environmental risks such as air pollution, poor sanitation, work-related stress, excessive ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, or built environments (such as streets, buildings etc) affect people's health, and hamper their functioning. Show how people and communities protect themselves from environmental risks, portray how people are living in healthy and enabling environments, or show how enhanced physical activity and public transport, and/or improved housing environment can make a difference in terms of preventing or reducing diseases. Photos can be submitted until 09 March 2007 in four categories: (1) Colour photographs (digital or prints); (2) Black and white photographs (digital or prints); (3) Digital Art photographs (images created or drastically manipulated by computer software or electronic filters); and (4) short video clips In each category, prizes will be awarded from 100 to 1.000 US-Dollars. 1st Prize: USD $1000 + one set of ICF publications 2nd Prize: USD $750 US-Dollars + one set of ICF publications 3rd Prize: USD $500 US-Dollars + one set of ICF publications Special mentions: USD $100 US-Dollars + one set of ICF publications This contest is in its fourth year. It was launched in 2002 to coincide with the release of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) with the aim to promote the ICF understanding of health and disability. For competition rules, and further information visit ICF website: <a href="http://www.who.int/classifications/icf">www.who.int/classifications/icf</a> and <a href="http://www.who.int/phe">www.who.int/phe</a> <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Carlos F. Pardo Coordinador de Proyecto GTZ - Proyecto de Transporte Sostenible (SUTP, SUTP-LAC) Cl 126 # 52A-28 of 404 Bogotá D.C., Colombia Tel: +57 (1) 215 7812 Mobile: +57 (3) 15 296 0662 e-mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:carlos.pardo@sutp.org">carlos.pardo@sutp.org</a> Página: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.sutp.org">www.sutp.org</a></pre> <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Carlos F. Pardo Coordinador de Proyecto GTZ - Proyecto de Transporte Sostenible (SUTP, SUTP-LAC) Cl 126 # 52A-28 of 404 Bogotá D.C., Colombia Tel: +57 (1) 215 7812 Mobile: +57 (3) 15 296 0662 e-mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:carlos.pardo@sutp.org">carlos.pardo@sutp.org</a> Página: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.sutp.org">www.sutp.org</a></pre> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:eric.britton@ecoplan.org">eric.britton@ecoplan.org</a> wrote: <blockquote cite="mid!~!AAAAAF%2FCWy35gYVKp0eiuTHNUZHkeSsB@free.fr" type="cite">  <div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="width: 655px; position: relative;"> <div id="ygrp-msg" style="padding: 0pt 15px 0pt 0pt; width: 490px; float: left; z-index: 1;"> <div id="ygrp-text"> <div class="Section1"> Dear Friends, Here is what we have observed on this subject over quite some years in city after city, road after road and study after study, in many places around the world: 1. The simple fact is that we need to understand without equivocation that some no trivial number of drivers (let’s perhaps think of them as that dangerous 15% or so – not everyone at a wheel but enough such that we need to make them our protective design target) will drive as fast as they think they can without having an accident or hurting themselves. (This is as true of motorized two wheelers as that car you so love.) 2. This is a simply human condition – and indeed when any of us are behind the wheel, we develop a level of time impatience which is considerably beyond that which we feel in much of the rest of our daily lives. Thus cars by their very nature actually evoke impatience, and with that speed and risk. This you either understand or you do not. It is unequivocal and any responsible community leaders of active citizen must understand this and be prepared to act on it. (Many of us also like to zip right along on our bikes too, which also needs to be taken into account in a well designed street system (as you all know so well.)) 3. We must protect ourselves, our children and our communities from these very human but ultimately very dangerous modes of behaviour. 4. The best way – indeed I think the only way – to accomplish this surely and safely in cities is therefore to design our streets and roads for top speeds that are way way below what the traffic engineers have long worked with. The tools of this are well known and include the full gamut of stuff like undulating streets, no long stretches of straight road ahead, narrow streets, pavement surfaces, proper lighting, plenty of non-car users out there for all to see . . . and the long list goes on. 5. My own personal target for cars on most city streets is a max of 15 kph – a nice cycling speed, which also leads them to a point in which they can safely and civilly share the street with other users. On the other hand I would like to see 6. etc. etc. But if that is true – what do we do with it next? Eric Britton <div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;"> </div> -----Original Message----- From: Michael Wallwork [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:mjwallwork@">mailto:mjwallwork@</a>comcast.net] Sent: Saturday, December 30, 2006 4:21 PM Subject: RE: The 85th Percentile A NEW program??? David Engwicht raised the issue of how people based their vehicle speed on their feel of the road many years ago and was able to demonstrate how drivers drive with a margin of safety irrespective of the posted speed. This is the underlying reason people speed. Michael Wallwork, P.E. President Alternate Street Design, P.A. (904) 269-1851 <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.roundabouts">www.roundabouts</a>.net <div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;"> </div> <h3 style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">85th percentile rule (From Wikipedia)</h3> In the United States, traffic engineers may rely on the 85th percentile rule<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_limit#_note-1#_note-1" title="">[2]</a> to establish speed limits. The speed limit should be set to the speed that separates the bottom 85% of vehicle speeds from the top 15%. The 85th percentile is slightly greater than a speed that is one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> above the mean of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution" title="Normal distribution">normal distribution</a>. The theory is that traffic laws that reflect the behavior of the majority of motorists may have better compliance than laws that arbitrarily criminalize the majority of motorists and encourage violations. The latter kinds of laws lack public support and often fail to bring about desirable changes in driving behavior. An example is the federally-mandated 55 mph (90 km/h) speed limit that was scrapped in part because of notoriously low compliance. Traffic engineers observe that the majority of drivers drive in a safe and reasonable manner, as demonstrated by consistently favorable driving records. Studies have shown crash rates are lowest at around the 85th percentile. Vehicles traveling over the 85th percentile speed (or faster than the flow of traffic) have a significantly higher crash risk than vehicles traveling around or modestly below this speed. Most U.S. jurisdictions report using the 85th percentile speed as the basis for their speed limits, so the 85th-percentile speed and speed limits should be closely matched. However, a review of available speed studies demonstrates that the posted speed limit is almost always set well below the 85th-percentile speed by as much as <a href="http://trb.org/publications/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_504.pdf" title="http://trb.org/publications/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_504.pdf">8 to 12 mph (see p.88)</a> (13 to 19 km/h). Some reasons for this include: <ul lastcheckbox="null" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Political or bureaucratic resistance to higher limits. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 252, 255) none repeat scroll 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Statutes that restrict jurisdictions from posting limits higher than an arbitrary number. </li> </ul> </div> </div>  __._,_.___ <div id="ygrp-actbar"> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/message/1210;_ylc=X3oDMTM0cXBuamo1BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BG1zZ0lkAzEyMTAEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDdnRwYwRzdGltZQMxMTY3NTc4ODY3BHRwY0lkAzEyMTA-"> Messages in this topic </a> (1) <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJwYnQ0YWk4BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BG1zZ0lkAzEyMTAEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDcnBseQRzdGltZQMxMTY3NTc4ODY3?act=reply&messageNum=1210"> Reply (via web post) </a> | <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJldTU3bTE3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA250cGMEc3RpbWUDMTE2NzU3ODg2Nw--" class="bld"> Start a new topic </a> </div>  <div id="ygrp-vitnav"> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/messages;_ylc=X3oDMTJlNzRvY3JyBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA21zZ3MEc3RpbWUDMTE2NzU3ODg2Nw--">Messages</a> | <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/files;_ylc=X3oDMTJmOTFob2c4BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2ZpbGVzBHN0aW1lAzExNjc1Nzg4Njc-">Files</a> | <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/photos;_ylc=X3oDMTJlb3ViNmM0BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Bob3QEc3RpbWUDMTE2NzU3ODg2Nw--">Photos</a> | <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/links;_ylc=X3oDMTJmaGloaWlvBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2xpbmtzBHN0aW1lAzExNjc1Nzg4Njc-">Links</a> | <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LotsLessCars/calendar;_ylc=X3oDMTJkcGlxM3U3BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEwMjU5MTAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzI0ODc0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2NhbARzdGltZQMxMTY3NTc4ODY3">Calendar</a> </div>  <div id="ygrp-grft"> "LotsLessCars in Cities" at <a href="http://lotslesscars.org">http://lotslesscars.org</a> Organize a Car/Free Day: The nose of the camel. 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