<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 10"> <link rel=File-List href="cid:filelist.xml@01C62717.3C772490"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="cid:editdata.mso@01C62717.3C772490"> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City" downloadurl="http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"/>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=Section1> I am not an expert in this, but i do know that in most <st1:country-region><st1:place>US</st1:place></st1:country-region> cities transit authorities receiving money from the US Federal Transit Admin must use buses 10 years old or younger, after which they are sold to a company in LA that parks them on a huge lot and sells them to smaller towns and foreign countries.  What FTA says is that some 10 year old buses that are well maintained are no more polluting than much newer buses, and that the 10 year cut off is arbitrary and that simply testing the tailpipe emissions and having road worthiness testing would be more efficient, but enforcement of such measures seems to be beyond the capacity of many countries and I would assume this includes the Philippines, hence the need for a sub-optimal age restriction.  They can probably resell the vehicles outside <st1:City><st1:place>Manila</st1:place></st1:City> where there are lower concentrations of ambient air pollution. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> -----Original Message----- From: sustran-discuss-bounces+whook=itdp.org@list.jca.apc.org [mailto:sustran-discuss-bounces+whook=itdp.org@list.jca.apc.org] On Behalf Of Brendan Finn Sent: Wednesday, February 01, 2006 4:00 AM To: Asia and the Pacific sustainable transport Subject: [sustran] Re: Fw: [cai-asia] Will maintenance keep 15-year oldpublictransport buses clean? <o:p> </o:p> <div> Dear Aurora,<o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> In my opinion, the simple answer is that a good preventive maintenance regime will keep the buses a lot cleaner than they would be in the absence of such a regime. I don't know what you define as "clean", I would take the benchmark as the performance you should expect in the first five years if the vehicle is maintained in line with the manufacturer's recommendations. <o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> I presume the scenario refers either to an existing stock of buses or to a proposal to buy in second-hand vehicles which are being replaced in another country (perhaps currently 10-15 years old), and that there is concern locally about the future emissions based on past experience with the operators. At the risk of interfering where I don't know the context, I would suggest that there are five factors which could assure good performance from older vehicles : <o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> a) Clearly defined emission standards which are practical, realistic, and measurable<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> b) An enforcement regime that can detect violating vehicles and impose escalating penalties on their owners<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> c) A regime of preventive maintenance within the operating companies that supports a vehicle throughout its working life (provide some technical assistance if needed)<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> d) Sufficiently strong incentives for companies to include emissions-related work and testing within such a regime<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> e) Incentives for operating companies to replace their vehicles when good maintenance can no longer possible keep them within specifications (and, of course, ensure that these vehicles are scrapped rather than sold on somewhere else)<o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> On one issue I would be cautious. In some places I have seen the arguments about old or clean buses used as a pretext for other actions. For example, I have seen it used to drive small operating companies and owner-drivers off the road to the advantage of the state-owned enterprises, and in other cases as criteria on routes tenders to quite effectively eliminate the competition in the pre-qualification stages. I think it is important to keep the agenda 'clean' as well as the buses!<o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> If you assemble the various inputs into a briefing note, I would be interested to receive it.<o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> With best wishes, <o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div>  <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> Brendan Finn. <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> _____________________________________________________________________________________ >From Brendan Finn, ETTS Ltd.   e-mail : <a href="mailto:etts@indigo.ie">etts@indigo.ie</a>   tel : +353.87.2530286<o:p></o:p> </div> <blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt; margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'> <div> ----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p> </div> <div style='font-color:black'> From: <a href="mailto:aables@adb.org" title="aables@adb.org">aables@adb.org</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> To: <a href="mailto:sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org" title="sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org">sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org</a> <o:p></o:p> </div> <div> Sent: Wednesday, February 01, 2006 3:40 AM<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> Subject: [sustran] Fw: [cai-asia] Will maintenance keep 15-year old publictransport buses clean?<o:p></o:p> </div> <div> <o:p> </o:p> </div> Dear SUSTRAN friends, <o:p></o:p> We thought you might have something to say on this topic. Please see below. <o:p></o:p> Best regards, <o:p></o:p> Au <o:p></o:p> Aurora Fe Ables Transport Researcher Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Asian Development Bank Tel (632) 632-4444 ext. 70820 Fax (632) 636-2381 Email <a href="mailto:aables@adb.org">aables@adb.org</a> <a href="http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia">http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia</a> <img border=0 width=51 height=56 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.gif@01C62717.3C772490"> <a href="http://www.adb.org">www.adb.org</a> ----- Forwarded by Aurora Ables/Consultants/ADB on 01-02-2006 11:27 AM ----- <o:p></o:p> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;margin-left:.5in'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width="39%" valign=top style='width:39.98%;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> gbathan@adb.org <o:p></o:p> 01-02-2006 10:40 AM <o:p></o:p> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> Please respond to cai-asia@lists.worldbank.org<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> <o:p></o:p> </td> <td width="58%" valign=top style='width:58.98%;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;mso-cellspacing:1.5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0'> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> To<o:p></o:p> </td> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> "Clean Air Initiative -- Asia" <cai-asia@lists.worldbank.org> <o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> cc<o:p></o:p> </td> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> hfabian@adb.org, "Bebet Gozun" <bggozun@hotmail.com>, chuizenga@adb.org, majero@adb.org, mrco@adb.org, aables@adb.org <o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> Subject<o:p></o:p> </td> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> [cai-asia] Will maintenance keep 15-year old public transport buses clean?<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> <o:p> </o:p> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <o:p> </o:p> </td> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <o:p> </o:p> </td> </tr> </table> <o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> Dear friends, In a stakeholder meeting held in the Philippines last week, CAI-Asia was asked to request inputs through the listserv to the question -- "Will vehicle maintenance ensure that 15-year old public transport buses remain non-polluting?" 15 years here means 15 years from the date of engine manufacture. Your inputs would be greatly appreciated. Glynda <o:p></o:p> Glynda Bathan Coordinator Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Asian Development Bank Tel (632) 632-5151 Fax (632) 636-2381 http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia <img border=0 width=51 height=56 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image001.gif@01C62717.3C772490"> www.adb.org <o:p></o:p> Aurora Fe Ables Transport Researcher Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Asian Development Bank Tel (632) 632-4444 ext. 70820 Fax (632) 636-2381 Email aables@adb.org http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia <img border=0 width=51 height=56 id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image001.gif@01C62717.3C772490"> www.adb.org <o:p></o:p> <div class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:center'> <hr size=2 width="100%" align=center> </div> ================================================================ SUSTRAN-DISCUSS is a forum devoted to discussion of people-centred, equitable and sustainable transport with a focus on developing countries (the 'Global South'). Because of the history of the list, the main focus is on urban transport policy in Asia.<o:p></o:p> </blockquote> </div> </body> </html>