<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META content="MSHTML 6.00.2900.2802" name=GENERATOR> <STYLE></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY bgColor=#ffffff> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear Aurora,</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In my opinion, the simple answer is that a good preventive maintenance regime will keep the buses a lot cleaner than they would be in the absence of such a regime. I don't know what you define as "clean", I would take the benchmark as the performance you should expect in the first five years if the vehicle is maintained in line with the manufacturer's recommendations. </FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I presume the scenario refers either to an existing stock of buses or to a proposal to buy in second-hand vehicles which are being replaced in another country (perhaps currently 10-15 years old), and that there is concern locally about the future emissions based on past experience with the operators. At the risk of interfering where I don't know the context, I would suggest that there are five factors which could assure good performance from older vehicles : </FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>a) Clearly defined emission standards which are practical, realistic, and measurable</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>b) An enforcement regime that can detect violating vehicles and impose escalating penalties on their owners</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>c) A regime of preventive maintenance within the operating companies that supports a vehicle throughout its working life (provide some technical assistance if needed)</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>d) Sufficiently strong incentives for companies to include emissions-related work and testing within such a regime</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>e) Incentives for operating companies to replace their vehicles when good maintenance can no longer possible keep them within specifications (and, of course, ensure that these vehicles are scrapped rather than sold on somewhere else)</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>On one issue I would be cautious. In some places I have seen the arguments about old or clean buses used as a pretext for other actions. For example, I have seen it used to drive small operating companies and owner-drivers off the road to the advantage of the state-owned enterprises, and in other cases as criteria on routes tenders to quite effectively eliminate the competition in the pre-qualification stages. I think it is important to keep the agenda 'clean' as well as the buses!</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>If you assemble the various inputs into a briefing note, I would be interested to receive it.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>With best wishes, </FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Brendan Finn. </FONT></DIV> <DIV>_____________________________________________________________________________________<BR>From Brendan Finn, ETTS Ltd.   e-mail : <A href="mailto:etts@indigo.ie">etts@indigo.ie</A>   tel : +353.87.2530286</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV> <DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=aables@adb.org href="mailto:aables@adb.org">aables@adb.org</A> </DIV> <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org href="mailto:sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org">sustran-discuss@list.jca.apc.org</A> </DIV> <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, February 01, 2006 3:40 AM</DIV> <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> [sustran] Fw: [cai-asia] Will maintenance keep 15-year old publictransport buses clean?</DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear SUSTRAN friends,</FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>We thought you might have something to say on this topic. Please see below.</FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Best regards,</FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Au</FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Aurora Fe Ables<BR>Transport Researcher<BR>Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)<BR>Asian Development Bank<BR>Tel (632) 632-4444 ext. 70820<BR>Fax (632) 636-2381<BR>Email <A href="mailto:aables@adb.org">aables@adb.org</A><BR><A href="http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia">http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia</A><BR></FONT><IMG src="cid:01a301c6270d$d65ac990$0201a8c0@finn"><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR><A href="http://www.adb.org">www.adb.org</A></FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif color=#800080 size=1>----- Forwarded by Aurora Ables/Consultants/ADB on 01-02-2006 11:27 AM -----</FONT> <BR> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD width="40%"><FONT face=sans-serif size=1><B>gbathan@adb.org</B> </FONT> <P><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>01-02-2006 10:40 AM</FONT> <TABLE border=1> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD bgColor=white> <DIV align=center><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Please respond to<BR>cai-asia@lists.worldbank.org</FONT></DIV></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR></P> <TD width="59%"> <TABLE width="100%"> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>To</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>"Clean Air Initiative -- Asia" <cai-asia@lists.worldbank.org></FONT> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>cc</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>hfabian@adb.org, "Bebet Gozun" <bggozun@hotmail.com>, chuizenga@adb.org, majero@adb.org, mrco@adb.org, aables@adb.org</FONT> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <DIV align=right><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>Subject</FONT></DIV> <TD><FONT face=sans-serif size=1>[cai-asia] Will maintenance keep 15-year old public transport buses clean?</FONT></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> <TABLE> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=top> <TD> <TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><FONT face=sans-serif size=2><BR>Dear friends,</FONT><FONT size=3> <BR></FONT><FONT face=sans-serif size=2><BR>In a stakeholder meeting held in the Philippines last week, CAI-Asia was asked to request inputs through the listserv to the question -- "Will vehicle maintenance ensure that 15-year old public transport buses remain non-polluting?" 15 years here means 15 years from the date of engine manufacture. </FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><FONT face=sans-serif size=2><BR>Your inputs would be greatly appreciated.</FONT><FONT size=3> <BR></FONT><FONT face=sans-serif size=2><BR>Glynda</FONT><FONT size=3> </FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Glynda Bathan<BR>Coordinator<BR>Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)<BR>Asian Development Bank<BR>Tel (632) 632-5151<BR>Fax (632) 636-2381<BR>http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia</FONT><FONT size=3><BR></FONT><IMG src="cid:01a501c6270d$d65ac990$0201a8c0@finn"><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>www.adb.org</FONT> <P><FONT face=Arial size=2>Aurora Fe Ables<BR>Transport Researcher<BR>Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)<BR>Asian Development Bank<BR>Tel (632) 632-4444 ext. 70820<BR>Fax (632) 636-2381<BR>Email aables@adb.org<BR>http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia<BR></FONT><IMG src="cid:01a701c6270d$d65ac990$0201a8c0@finn"><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>www.adb.org</FONT> <P> <HR> <P></P><BR><BR>================================================================<BR>SUSTRAN-DISCUSS is a forum devoted to discussion of people-centred, equitable and sustainable transport with a focus on developing countries (the 'Global South'). Because of the history of the list, the main focus is on urban transport policy in Asia.</BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>