[sustran] Re: Jakarta plans "Odds and Evens" license plate traffic rationing

[Todd Alexander Litman]

I agree that vehicle restrictions based on license plate numbers are
probably not very effective at reducing air pollution since many trips
(errands, shopping, social visits, etc.) are simply deferred from one day to
another, and they are economically inefficient because they lack
flexibility, for example, if a residents really needs to make a trip during
their no-drive day. Some objective research does indicate that vehicle
license plate restrictions applied over long periods encourages some
households to purchase additional vehicles, which where often cheap, old,
high polluting cars. See:
Haynes Goddard (1997), "Using Tradable Permits to Achieve Sustainability in
the World's Large Cities," Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 10,
1997, pp. 63-99; at
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1026444113237. 

There are much more effective and efficient ways to reduce urban vehicle
travel, some of which generate revenues that can be used to improve
alternative modes. The best is simply to efficiently price parking and
eliminate minimum parking requirements. As Don Shoup says, free parking is a
fertility drug for cars. As much as possible on-street parking should be
priced, parking should be unbundled (rented separately from building space,
so apartment residents only pay for the number of parking spaces they need),
and employers should price or cash out commuter parking (so commuters who
don't drive receive a cash bonus equivalent to the value of free parking
provided to motorists).

Road space reallocation (also called "complete streets" policies), with
wider sidewalks and improved crosswalks, bike lanes and bus lanes, and lower
design speeds on urban arterials, give efficient modes priority over
automobile traffic. Restrictions on vehicle ownership, such as Singapore's
lottery, and congestion pricing such as in London and Stockholm, are good
but more difficult to implement. 


For information see:

"Vehicle Restrictions" chapter of the Online TDM Encyclopedia
(www.vtpi.org/tdm )

Paul Barter (2010) Parking Policy in Asian Cities, Asian Development Bank
(www.adb.org); at
http://beta.adb.org/publications/parking-policy-asian-cities. Also see
www.slideshare.net/PaulBarter/barter-for-adb-transport-forum-2010.

Beijing Transport Demand Management (www.tdm-beijing.org) aims to identify
and evaluate suitable non-technical measures to reducing vehicle traffic and
associated pollution emissions.

GIZ (2011), Changing Course in Urban Transport- An Illustrated Guide,
Sustainable Urban Transport Project (www.sutp.org) Asia and GIZ; at
www.sutp.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2825. 

ITDP (2011), Better Street, Better Cities: A Guide To Street Design In Urban
India, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (www.itdp.org);
at www.itdp.org/betterstreets. 

ITDP (2012), Transforming Urban Mobility In Mexico: Towards Accessible
Cities Less Reliant on Cars, Institute for Transportation and Development
Policy (www.mexico.itdp.org); at
http://mexico.itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/Transforming-Urban-Mobility-in-Mex
ico.pdf.

Santhosh Kodukula (2011), Raising Automobile Dependency: How to Break the
Trend?, GIZ Sustainable Urban Transport Project (www.sutp.org); at
www.sutp.org/dn.php?file=TD-RAD-EN.pdf.

Todd Litman (2011), "Transport Pricing Reforms for More Efficient Cities:
Options and Impacts," GEF-SUTP Quarterly Newsletter, Vol. 2/5; at
http://sutpindia.com/docs/SUTPNewsletter_january2012.pdf.

Frederik Strompen, Todd Litman and Daniel Bongardt (2012), Reducing Carbon
Emissions through TDM Strategies - A Review of International Examples,
Transportation Demand Management in Beijing
(http://tdm-beijing.org/index.php) GIZ and the Beijing Transportation
Research Centre; at
http://tdm-beijing.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=category&cid=1
2&Itemid=9&lang=en; direct link at
http://tdm-beijing.org/files/International_Review.pdf; summary at
http://tdm-beijing.org/files/International_Review_Executive_Summary.pdf. 

UTTIPEC (2010), Parking Policy as a Travel Demand Management Strategy, Delhi
Development Authority (www.uttipec.nic.in); at
www.uttipec.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/7460355562.pdf.

Lloyd Wright (2009), Environmentally Sustainable Transport For Asian Cities:
A Sourcebook, United Nations Centre for Regional Development
(www.uncrd.org.jp); at
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/uncrd/unpan031844.pdf.



Sincerely,
Todd Litman
Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org)
litman at vtpi.org
facebook.com/todd.litman
Phone & Fax 250-360-1560
1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA
"Efficiency - Equity - Clarity"


-----Original Message-----
From: sustran-discuss-bounces+litman=vtpi.org at list.jca.apc.org
[mailto:sustran-discuss-bounces+litman=vtpi.org at list.jca.apc.org] On Behalf
Of Cornie Huizenga
Sent: December-17-12 6:40 PM
To: Carlosfelipe Pardo
Cc: sustran-discuss
Subject: [sustran] Re: Jakarta plans "Odds and Evens" license plate traffic
rationing

Hi Carlos - I have heard a lot of anecdotal evidence on people buying
additional cars but have not really seen hard numbers on this. Obviously
what the governor of Jakarta is most interested in is the number of cars on
the road on a given day and not the number of cars owned.  There are hard
numbers available that such a odd-even scheme reduces the numbers of cars
actually on the road on a given day and that it does increase average
speeds.  It is good to see that additional investments are being made in
public transport.

My preference would however be a vehicle quota with the auction proceeds
being used to improve public transport. Currently 400 new cars are being
registered in greater Jakarta area (
http://www.indii.co.id/news_daily_detail.php?id=4164) resulting in annual
144,000 new cars.  Having a quota of 50% of that number (70,000) with an
average auction price of $7,500 would generate $ 525,000,000 per year in
income for the city and would enable it to implement   a high quality
public transport system as long as it does not succumbs to the idea of
having a metro.   Various feasibility studies have also been carried out on
congestion charging in Jakarta - this could be used to regulate the use of
existing vehicles.

All in all a more sustainable approach than the rather primitive odd-even
scheme which does not generate any revenues.

Cornie

On Mon, Dec 17, 2012 at 11:36 PM, Carlosfelipe Pardo <carlosfpardo at gmail.com
> wrote:

> Based on the experience of every city where this scheme has been 
> applied, I wouldn't be suprised if the amount of car sales (used and
> old) increase substantially once it's implemented...
>
>
> On 17/12/2012 02:58 a.m., Paul Barter wrote:
> > *** Jakarta Opts for Odds-Evens Car Restriction Plan ***
> >
> >
> http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/jakarta-opts-for-odds-evens-car-re
> striction-plan/560260
> > Ronna Nirmala | December 07, 2012
> >
> > Jakarta will impose car restrictions based on license plate numbers 
> > on major streets by March next year to ease the capital's notorious 
> > traffic woes, Governor Joko Widodo said.
> >
> > The new policy will impose rotating restrictions based on odd or 
> > even license plate numbers in Jakarta's main business areas.
> >
> > The restriction, the governor said, has been approved by the Jakarta 
> > Police and will take effect every weekday from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. But 
> > determining which vehicles can enter the areas on what day or time, 
> > he said, would require further study.
> >
> > Joko admitted that the plan would generate strong criticism and even 
> > resistance from road users in Jakarta.
> >
> > "If we don't take some drastic measures [Jakarta's traffic problems] 
> > will not be over, because the number of vehicles is not getting any 
> > smaller," Joko said.
> >
> > "Which is why we will inform the public and explain [the policy] 
> > slowly. This policy is to help people to switch to public transport 
> > and to urge people to conserve the use of fuel."
> >
> > Joko said Jakarta will provide more buses to anticipate surging 
> > demand for reliable, comfortable and accessible public transport 
> > once the regulation is in place.
> >
> > "In January we will add 200 articulated TransJakarta buses, with an 
> > additional 600 buses [in the future], plus 1,000 medium sized 
> > [Kopaja] buses. This means there is an effort to increase and revamp 
> > [public transportation]," he said.
> >
> > Joko said the government is studying whether the policy would affect 
> > motorcycles. "So far those exempted by this regulation are public 
> > transportation, taxis, ambulances, TransJakarta buses and Kopajas," 
> > he said. "Motorcycles should be affected by the regulation but we 
> > will study this further."
> >
> > .....
> >
> > ===
> > Other items on this issue can be found via a google search on 
> > "jakarta odds evens license plate", such as the following:
> >
> > Odd-even system to benefit plate makers Jakarta Post-15 Dec, 2012 If 
> > you plan to outsmart the city administration's upcoming odd-even 
> > license plate system by making a fake, alternate license plate, you 
> > should ...
> >
> > Police to install devices to spot fake license plates Jakarta 
> > Post-14 Dec, 2012 The Jakarta Police are looking for ways to enforce 
> > the odd-even license plate policy, which has faced skepticism and 
> > criticism from Jakarta's ...
> >
> > House Member Says Odd-Even Plan Worth Trying Jakarta Globe-35 
> > minutes ago House Member Says Odd-Even Plan Worth Trying ... the 
> > Jakarta administration's plan for a license plate-based vehicle 
> > restriction scheme, ... days depending on whether their license 
> > plates end in odd or evennumbers, but ...
> >
> > Jakarta to try odd-even license plate car restriction plan
> > NEWS.com.au-11 Dec, 2012
> > The plan would see cars with odd-numbered license plates banned on 
> > even dates and vice versa, TheJakarta Post reports. Vehicles would 
> > be ...
> >
> > Jakarta Opts for Odds-Evens Car Restriction Plan Jakarta Globe-6 
> > Dec, 2012 Jakarta will impose car restrictions based on license 
> > plate numbers on ... restrictions based on odd oreven license plate 
> > numbers in Jakarta's ...
> >
> > Alternative to Odd-Even License Plates Tempo Interaktif-10 Dec, 2012 
> > TEMPO Interactive, Jakarta:There is dissension within the ranks of 
> > the Jakarta administration regarding theodd-even license plates number
...
> >
> > Odd-Even License Plate Numbers Policy to Be Applied in 2013
> > BeritaJakarta.com-6 Dec, 2012
> > Jakarta Provincial Government is going to implement private vehicles 
> > usage limitation through odd andeven license plate numbers in the ...
> >
> > Indonesian Transport Society Wants Delay on Odd, Even Plan Jakarta 
> > Globe-8 Dec, 2012 ... the Jakarta Administration's plan to implement 
> > a license plate-based ... a rotating restriction on car use based on 
> > odd or even license plate ...
> >
> >
> > --
> > Paul Barter
> > http://www.reinventingparking.org
> > http://www.reinventingtransport.org
> > http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/Faculty_Paul_Barter.aspx
> > --------------------------------------------------------
> > To search the archives of sustran-discuss visit 
> > http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=014715651517519735401:ijjtzwbu_ss
> >
> > ================================================================
> > SUSTRAN-DISCUSS is a forum devoted to discussion of people-centred,
> equitable and sustainable transport with a focus on developing 
> countries (the 'Global South').
> >
>
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>



--
Cornie Huizenga
Joint Convener
Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport
Mobile: +86 13901949332
cornie.huizenga at slocatpartnership.org
www.slocat.net
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SUSTRAN-DISCUSS is a forum devoted to discussion of people-centred,
equitable and sustainable transport with a focus on developing countries
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